Maurice Rüegg Ground Moving Target Indication with Millimeter Wave Synthetic Aperture Radar
نویسندگان
چکیده
Ground moving target indication (GMTI) for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) provides information on non-static objects in radar imagery of a static ground scene. While general applications cover a wide area of topics from ocean current measurements to glacier ice flow, millimeter wave (mmW) SAR is well suited for traffic monitoring, reconnaissance, and identification of special target movements including vibration and rotation. Through a thorough motion analysis in a standard SAR system model, this dissertation shows the effects of constant target motion, acceleration, vibration, and rotation in mmW SAR theoretically and in simulated and real data. An efficient approach for GMTI is the use of multi-channel SAR systems for a spaceand time-variant analysis of moving targets. This allows the indication, correction of position displacement, and estimation of radial velocity components of moving targets in a SAR image. The small radar wavelength of mmW SAR offers very sensitive movement detection and measurements. The work at hand includes theoretical considerations specific to mmW SAR GMTI, an adaptive algorithm to collect velocity and position information on moving targets with mmW amplitude-comparison monopulse radar, and a discussion on GMTI blind speed elimination and target velocity ambiguity resolving by dual-frequency SAR. To determine the capabilities of both, system and algorithm, four large-scale experiments with the FGAN MEMPHIS mmW system in different environments are presented. Zusammenfassung — Die Bewegtzielerkennung (ground moving target indication— GMTI) bei Radar mit synthetischer Apertur (synthetic aperture radar—SAR) liefert Informationen zu bewegten Objekten in Radarbildern der unbewegten Erdoberfläche. Während allgemeine Anwendungen so unterschiedliche Themen wie Messungen von Meeresströmungen und Gletschereisfluss beinhalten können, ist Millimeterwellen (mmW) SAR gut geeignet für Aufgaben in der Verkehrsüberwachung, Aufklärung und der Identifikation von speziellen Bewegungen wie Objektvibrationen und -rotationen. Mittels einer ausführlichen Analyse von Bewegungen in einem SAR Systemmodell zeigt diese Dissertation die Effekte von konstanten und beschleunigten Zielbewegungen wie auch von Vibrationen und Rotationen in mmW SAR auf. Ein effizienter Ansatz der Bewegtzielerkennung ist der Einsatz von mehrkanaligen SARSystemen und einer räumlich und zeitlich variierenden Analyse von bewegten Radarzielen. Dadurch wird sowohl eine Indikation wie auch eine Korrektur von Positionsverschiebungen im SAR Bild und eine Schätzung der radialen Geschwindigkeitskomponente solcher Ziele möglich. Die kleine Wellenlänge des Radars bei mmW SAR bietet eine hochempfindliche Bewegungsdetektion und Messung der Objektgeschwindigkeit. Die vorliegende Arbeit bespricht theoretische Überlegungen, die spezifisch für mmW SAR GMTI sind, einen adaptiven Algorithmus, um Geschwindigkeitsund Positionsinformationen von Bewegtzielen mit Amplituden-vergleichendem Monopuls Radar zu erhalten und eine Diskussion zur Beseitigung von GMTI Blindgeschwindigkeiten und Mehrdeutigkeiten der Objektgeschwindigkeit mittels Zweifrequenz-SAR. Vier grossangelegte Experimente mit dem FGANMEMPHIS mmW System in unterschiedlichen Umgebungen werden vorgestellt.
منابع مشابه
Moving Target Indication with a Millimeter Wave Monopulse SAR
Synthetic aperture radar offers high resolution images of a static scene while moving objects are often smeared and displaced in azimuth. Ground moving target indication with a monopulse system makes it possible to correct the azimuth displacement and measure an accurate individual radial velocity component of moving targets via special processing techniques. The presented method requires the f...
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